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What (who) is smalltalk - definition

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

Smalltalk-80; SmallTalk; SmallTalk programming language; Smalltalk programming language; Smalltalk (programming language); Smalltalk Programming Language; Visual Smalltalk; Smalltalk/V; Smalltak; Smalltalk-72; Smalltalk 80; ObjectStudio; Objectstudio; Smalltalk syntax; List of Smalltalk implementations; Control structures in Smalltalk; Reflection in Smalltalk; OpenSmalltalk

Smalltalk

<language> The pioneering object-oriented programming system developed in 1972 by the Software Concepts Group, led by {Alan Kay}, at Xerox PARC between 1971 and 1983. It includes a language, a programming environment, and an extensive object library. Smalltalk took the concepts of class and message from Simula-67 and made them all-pervasive. Innovations included the bitmap display, windowing system, and use of a mouse. The syntax is very simple. The fundamental construction is to send a message to an object: object message or with extra parameters object message: param1 secondArg: param2 .. nthArg: paramN where "secondArg:" etc. are considered to be part of the message name. Five pseudo-variables are defined: "self", "super", "nil", "true", "false". "self" is the receiver of the current message. "super" is used to delegate processing of a message to the superclass of the receiver. "nil" is a reference to "nothing" (an instance of UndefinedObject). All variables initially contain a reference to nil. "true" and "false" are Booleans. In Smalltalk, any message can be sent to any object. The recipient object itself decides (based on the message name, also called the "message selector") how to respond to the message. Because of that, the multiple inheritance system included in the early versions of Smalltalk-80 appeared to be unused in practice. All modern implementations have single inheritance, so each class can have at most one superclass. Early implementations were interpreted but all modern ones use dynamic translation (JIT). Early versions were Smalltalk-72, Smalltalk-74, Smalltalk-76 (inheritance taken from Simula, and concurrency), and Smalltalk-78, Smalltalk-80. Other versions include {Little Smalltalk}, Smalltalk/V, Kamin's interpreters. Current versions are VisualWorks, Squeak, VisualAge, {Dolphin Smalltalk}, Object Studio, GNU Smalltalk. See also: International Smalltalk Association. UIUC Smalltalk archive (http://st-www.cs.uiuc.edu/). smalltalk/FAQ/">FAQ (http://XCF.Berkeley.EDU/pub/misc/smalltalk/FAQ/). Usenet newsgroup: news:comp.lang.smalltalk. ["The Smalltalk-76 Programming System Design and Implementation", D.H. Ingalls, 5th POPL, ACM 1978, pp. 9-16]. (2001-09-11)

Smalltalk-80

<language> The classic standard Smalltalk dialect, described in Adele's book, cited below, commonly known as "The Blue Book". ["Smalltalk-80: The Language and Its Implementation", Adele Goldberg et al, A-W 1983]. [BYTE 6(8), Aug 1981]. ftp://st.cs.uiuc.edu/pub/ISA, Smalltalk/MANCHESTER">ftp://st.cs.uiuc.edu/pub/Smalltalk/MANCHESTER, ftp://gnu.org/pub/gnu. Mail server: goodies-lib@r5.cs.man.ac.uk. (2004-12-14)

Smalltalk/V

The first widely available version of Smalltalk, developed by Digitalk in 1986 for IBM PC and Macintosh. (1995-02-14)

Wikipedia

Smalltalk

Smalltalk is a purely object oriented programming language (OOP), created in the 1970s for educational use, specifically for constructionist learning, at Xerox PARC by Learning Research Group (LRG) scientists, including Alan Kay, Dan Ingalls, Adele Goldberg, Ted Kaehler, Diana Merry, and Scott Wallace.

In Smalltalk, executing programs are built of opaque, atomic, so-called objects, which are instances of template-code stored in classes, and these objects intercommunicate by passing of messages, via an intermediary virtual machine environment (VM). A relatively small number of objects, called primitives, are not amenable to live redefinition, sometimes being defined independently of the Smalltalk programming environment.

Having undergone significant industry development toward other uses, including business and database functions, Smalltalk is still in use today. When first publicly released, Smalltalk-80 presented innovative and foundational ideas for the nascent field of object-oriented programming (OOP).

Since inception, the language provided interactive programming via an integrated development environment. This requires reflection and late binding in the language execution of code. Later development has led to at least one instance of Smalltalk execution environment which lacks such an integrated graphical user interface or front-end.

Smalltalk-like languages are in active development and have gathered loyal communities of users around them. ANSI Smalltalk was ratified in 1998 and represents the standard version of Smalltalk.

Smalltalk took second place for "most loved programming language" in the Stack Overflow Developer Survey in 2017, but it was not among the 26 most loved programming languages of the 2018 survey.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalltalk

Examples of use of smalltalk

1. Yuhu evidently feels that this is more than enough in the way of polite smalltalk.

2. My first hint of this trend came at a parents‘ do at my son‘s school, when a couple of women launched into the following smalltalk: "We‘re worried about you – you‘re too thin." Instead of expressing a corresponding anxiety over the likely blood–alcohol level of one, and unfortunate resemblance to Barry Took of the other, I proffered my usual apologies: Me: Oh, I know!